Procedure

Fracture Surgery (Shoulder & Elbow)

What It Is

Operative fixation of proximal humerus fractures (plates, screws, nails) and elbow fractures. In severe cases where the bone cannot be reconstructed, shoulder replacement may be performed.

Who Needs It

Patients with displaced or complex fractures of the proximal humerus or elbow that cannot be adequately treated with immobilization alone.

Recovery

Immobilization for 2–6 weeks depending on fracture type. Physical therapy begins early. Full recovery varies from 3–6 months.

Procedure Details

About This Procedure

Fractures of the shoulder and elbow region span a wide spectrum — from straightforward breaks that heal well with a sling to complex, multi-fragment injuries requiring precise surgical reconstruction. Choosing between operative and non-operative management is one of the most critical decisions in orthopedic trauma care, requiring careful assessment of the fracture pattern, patient age, bone quality, and functional goals.

Dr. Jay Levin provides expert surgical management of proximal humerus (shoulder) and elbow fractures for patients throughout Durham, Cary, and North Carolina. Trained by Rothman Orthopaedics and Duke Health Orthopaedics, he brings expertise in both fracture fixation and arthroplasty (joint replacement) — meaning he is equipped to perform the full range of operative solutions, from plate-and-screw fixation to shoulder or elbow replacement when reconstruction is not viable.

Many fractures are treated at Duke Health facilities in the Triangle, giving patients access to advanced imaging, anesthesia expertise, and integrated rehabilitation all within the same health system.

The Procedure

For fractures amenable to fixation, Dr. Levin performs open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). This involves making a surgical incision to directly visualize the fracture, repositioning the bone fragments into their correct anatomic alignment, and securing them with plates, screws, or intramedullary nails. Intraoperative fluoroscopy guides accurate implant placement.

For severe proximal humerus fractures — particularly those with four or more fragments, poor bone quality, or compromised blood supply to the humeral head — shoulder replacement is the more reliable option. Reverse shoulder replacement is commonly used in these cases, as it does not depend on rotator cuff function and reliably restores comfortable arm elevation.

For elbow fractures, operative options include plate fixation (for distal humerus and olecranon fractures) and radial head replacement for comminuted radial head fractures. The choice is made based on fracture geometry and intraoperative findings.

Recovery at Duke Health

Recovery after fracture surgery begins earlier than most patients expect. Even while wearing a sling or splint, gentle motion exercises are initiated to minimize post-surgical stiffness — a common complication of shoulder and elbow injuries.

Sling or splint use typically continues for 2–6 weeks depending on fracture severity and fixation stability. Formal physical therapy with a Duke Health therapist begins within the first 2–3 weeks for most patients in Durham and Cary.

Full recovery — including regaining strength and range of motion — varies from 3 to 6 months depending on the complexity of the injury. Dr. Levin follows each patient closely throughout the healing process, using serial X-rays to confirm bone healing and guide rehabilitation progression.

Recovery Timeline

Weeks 1–6

Protection Phase

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Weeks 6–12

Motion Phase

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Months 3–6

Strengthening Phase

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For full PT protocols, see PT Protocols.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I know if my shoulder fracture needs surgery?
Not all shoulder fractures require surgery. Minimally displaced fractures can often be managed with a sling. Surgery is generally recommended when bone fragments are significantly displaced, angulated, or involve the joint surface in a way that immobilization cannot adequately address.
What is a proximal humerus fracture?
A proximal humerus fracture is a break near the top of the upper arm bone, close to the shoulder joint. These fractures range from simple two-part breaks to complex four-part fractures and are common in older adults after falls. Dr. Levin treats the full spectrum of these injuries at Duke Health in Durham.
When is shoulder replacement used for a fracture?
In severe, multi-fragment fractures — particularly in older patients where the blood supply to the humeral head may be compromised — bone fixation is not reliable. In these cases, shoulder replacement (often reverse replacement) provides a more predictable restoration of comfort and function.
How long will I be immobilized after fracture surgery?
Immobilization duration depends on fracture complexity and the fixation method. Most patients are in a sling for 2–6 weeks. Physical therapy begins early — often while still in the sling — to prevent stiffness and support healing.
Can elbow fractures also be treated with surgery by Dr. Levin?
Yes. Dr. Levin treats both shoulder and elbow fractures, including distal humerus fractures, radial head fractures, and olecranon fractures. Surgical options include open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) with plates and screws, or elbow replacement when reconstruction is not feasible.

Ready to Discuss Your Treatment Options?

Schedule a consultation with Dr. Levin.